Executive Orders That Gave FEMA Power
EXECUTIVE ORDER 10990
February 2, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
allows the government to take over all modes of transportation and control of highways and seaports.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 10995
February 16, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
allows the government to seize and control the communication media.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 10997
February 16, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
allows the government to take over all electrical power, gas, petroleum, fuels and minerals.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 10998
February 16, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
allows the government to take over all food resources and farms.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11000
February 16, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
allows the government to mobilize civilians into work brigades under government supervision.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11001
February 16, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
allows the government to take over all health, education and welfare functions.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11002
February 16, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
designates the Postmaster General to operate a national registration of all persons.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11003
February 16, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
allows the government to take over all airports and aircraft, including commercial aircraft.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11004
February 16, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
allows the Housing and Finance Authority to relocate communities, build new housing with public funds,designate areas to be abandoned, and establish new locations for populations.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11005
February 16, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
allows the government to take over railroads, inland waterways and public storage facilities.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11049
September 14, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
assigns emergency preparedness function to federal departments and agencies, consolidating 21 operative Executive Orders issued over a fifteen year period.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11051
September 27, 1962 – JOHN F. KENNEDY
specifies the responsibility of the Office of Emergency Planning and gives authorization to put all Executive Orders into effect in times of increased international tensions and economic or financial crisis.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11310
1966 – LYNDON B. JOHNSON
grants authority to the Department of Justice to enforce the plans set out in Executive Orders, to institute industrial support, to establish judicial and legislative liaison, to control all aliens, to operate penal and correctional institutions, and to advise and assist the President.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11921
June 11, 1976 – GERALD FORD
allows the Federal Emergency Preparedness Agency to develop plans to establish control over the mechanisms of production and distribution, of energy sources, wages, salaries, credit and the flow of money in U.S. financial institution in any undefined national emergency. It also provides that when a state of emergency is declared by the President, Congress cannot review the action for six months. The Federal Emergency Management Agency has broad powers in every aspect of the nation.
Executive Order Number 12148
July 20, 1979 – JIMMY CARTER
created the Federal Emergency Management Agency that is to interface with the Department of Defense for civil defense planning and funding. An “emergency czar” was appointed. FEMA has only spent about 6 percent of its budget on national emergencies. The bulk of their funding has been used for the construction of secret underground facilities to assure continuity of government in case of a major emergency, foreign or domestic.
Executive Order Number 12656
November 18, 1988 – RONALD REAGAN
appointed the National Security Council as the principal body that should consider emergency powers. This allows the government to increase domestic intelligence and surveillance of U.S. citizens and would restrict the freedom of movement within the United States and grant the government the right to isolate large groups of civilians. The National Guard could be federalized to seal all borders and take control of U.S. air space and all ports of entry.
Complex Skepsis 